Chronic #diarrhea is defined by recurrent loose or watery stools, with or without increased stool frequency, fecal urgency, or fecal incontinence, that lasts for at least 4 weeks.
📄 Learn more about diagnosis and treatment strategies in this Review: https://ja.ma/46vCh2T
💬 Editor's Note: #Adolescents face increasing rates of insufficient sleep, driven by early school start times and digital media use, undermining cognitive and mental health.
https://ja.ma/3OA1eEl
Insufficient #sleep among US high school students increased from 2007 to 2023, with the rise driven largely by more adolescents reporting very short sleep durations of ≤5 hours per night.
https://ja.ma/4b0i3Q2
The frequency and intensity of heatwaves and the exposure of pregnant individuals to extreme heat are increasing.
💡 Learn more about the associated risks to maternal health and how these risks can be managed in this JAMA Insights. #ClimateChange
https://ja.ma/4bmUQrN
Among adults undergoing cardiac imaging for #CoronaryArteryDisease, radiation dose varied widely and was higher for CCTA in low-income countries. The findings suggest a need for standardized protocols to reduce exposure.
https://ja.ma/4aXJvOj
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology consensus statements published in JAMA support opportunistic salpingectomy as a preventive measure against tubo-ovarian carcinoma, safe and feasible during pelvic or abdominal surgery.
🎥 Watch the video and learn more: https://ja.ma/4cjTkbP
Declared artificial intelligence (#AI) use in JAMA Network submissions rose from 1.7% to nearly 6% in 27 months, most frequently for language refinement and more often reported in manuscripts from non–English-speaking countries.
https://ja.ma/4rEpjbz
In under 10 minutes, JAMA Deputy Editors Linda Brubaker, MD, and Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, discuss the latest science published in JAMA:
➡️ Radiation From CAD Diagnostic Imaging,
➡️ HBV Newborn Vaccination Rates,
➡️ Trends in Organ Donation, and more.
🎧 Listen now: https://ja.ma/46yzq9l
Microultrasonography-guided biopsy was noninferior to MRI-guided biopsy for detection of clinically significant #ProstateCancer, supporting its use as an alternative imaging modality.
🎥 Watch the video and read the full study: https://ja.ma/4kVBoq8
Opioid overdose deaths in the US have fallen dramatically, according to the latest CDC data.
What factors are driving this welcome downturn? https://ja.ma/4rCzoWt
How can volume overload be reliably excluded at the bedside?
📊 This Rational Clinical Examination evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination, radiographic imaging, and laboratory testing in assessing volume overload in nonintubated patients.
💾 Save this for your next clinical encounter: https://ja.ma/4cTzODf
Self-disclosed use of #AI in research manuscripts submitted to BMJ journals rose from 4.5% to 7.3% between April and October 2024. Most disclosures related to writing improvement, and reporting varied by geographic region.
https://ja.ma/4sbSx1b
Prioritizing healthy food sources over specific macronutrient ratios may be the most effective strategy for preventing coronary heart disease.
JAMA Medical News Associate Managing Editor Kate Schweitzer spoke with Staff Writer Samantha Anderer about a cohort study which reveals that healthy versions of both low-carb and low-fat diets yield similar heart benefits, while their highly processed counterparts carry significantly higher risks.
🎧 Listen now: https://ja.ma/4l43VtR
R to @JAMA_current: Findings such as pulmonary B-lines, inferior vena cava collapsibility, and jugular venous pressure provide rapid and objective information for clinical decision-making regarding volume assessment.
Learn more about evaluating volume overload in this JAMA Rational Clinical Examination: https://ja.ma/4rKPHkb
#MedEd
Point-of-care ultrasonography (#POCUS) is a noninvasive bedside imaging modality used to assess intravascular volume status in hospitalized or emergency department patients with possible #VolumeOverload.
POCUS evaluates the inferior vena cava, internal jugular vein, and lung parenchyma with high-frequency linear, low-frequency phased-array, and low-frequency curvilinear probes.
In under 20 minutes, JAMA summarizes the latest evidence for diagnosing volume overload: clinical signs, BNP, and the emerging role of bedside ultrasound (POCUS).
🔗 Learn pearls for practice, including B lines and IVC collapsibility in this podcast: https://ja.ma/3N9tyNh
Can a large language model (#LLM) provide insights on the history of chatbots and their clinical applications? 🤖
In this episode of JAMA+ AI Conversations, JAMA+ AI Editor in Chief Roy Perlis, MD, MSc, interviews OpenAI’s ChatGPT (GPT-4o, voice mode) about the development and legacy of the first clinical chatbots, ELIZA and PARRY.
🎧 Listen now: https://ja.ma/4l2LdTh
💬 Editor's Note by JAMA Deputy Editors Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, and Joseph Ross, MD, MHS: As generative #AI tools become more advanced and accessible, transparent reporting and updated editorial guidance are needed to ensure research integrity.
https://ja.ma/47a8OLZ
Low-carb or low-fat? For heart health, it may not matter.
New research finds food quality is what really counts.
https://ja.ma/4rFijet
In this episode, @JAMAplusAI Associate Editor Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, speaks with David Wu, MD, PhD, and Adam Rodman, MD, MPH, about what safe clinical use of #LLMs requires.
Drawing on the framework of Do No Harm, they examine failure modes, limits of accuracy-based evaluation, clinician #AI interaction, and safeguards needed as medical AI moves into patient care.
🎧 Listen now: https://ja.ma/4kVjKTr
📊 Research Summary: Individualized high PEEP with recruitment maneuvers did not lower risk of postoperative pulmonary complications vs standard low PEEP in open abdominal surgery.
https://ja.ma/4rLVt4M
RCT: Intraoperative high PEEP and recruitment maneuvers did not decrease the incidence of postoperative #PulmonaryComplications and were associated with more hypotension during open abdominal surgery.
https://ja.ma/46pkwCn
💬 Viewpoint: The CMS IOTA model incentivizes increased kidney transplants by rewarding volume, organ acceptance, and short-term graft survival, but risks remain for equitable access and long-term patient outcomes among those with end-stage kidney disease.
https://ja.ma/4cdNk4m
In this episode of JAMA+ AI Conversations, JAMA+ AI Associate Editor Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, speaks with David Wu, MD, PhD, and Adam Rodman, MD, MPH, about the clinical risks of large language models (LLMs). https://ja.ma/4cInOo3
💬 Perspective: Advanced organ preservation techniques have facilitated the increased use of organs from donors after circulatory death (#DCD), improving outcomes and increasing access for more patients.
https://ja.ma/4sbxoV3
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (#MASLD) involves accumulation of fat in the liver and may progress to liver inflammation and scarring (#fibrosis).
📄 Learn more in this JAMA Patient Page: https://ja.ma/4s1R6m6
Between 2000 and 2025, US donation after circulatory death (#DCD) increased from 2% to 49% of all deceased donors, driven by technologic advances in organ preservation.
https://ja.ma/4aRmkFq
Fertility preservation guidance from the @ASCO supports timely counseling on #fertility risks for all patients with #cancer.
📊 Learn more in this JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis: https://ja.ma/3ZTeyGb
#GU26
📊 Research Summary: Lay health worker–led telephone symptom assessments reduced emergency visits and hospitalizations for adults aged 75 years or older with cancer, compared to usual care.
https://ja.ma/4azQUob
💬 Editorial: A randomized trial in community oncology clinics demonstrated that telephone-based lay health worker–administered PRO assessments for older adults with #cancer resulted in reductions in acute care utilization and lower mortality.
https://ja.ma/4kX4Wns
Among #Medicare Advantage beneficiaries aged 75 years or older with #cancer, a lay health worker–administered telephone assessment reduced acute care use, including 68% lower odds of hospitalization, compared with standard care.
https://ja.ma/4qSsyeg
💬 Viewpoint: FDA-cleared blood tests for #AlzheimerDisease improve diagnostic access but may lead to misdiagnosis, disparities, and legal or psychological harms without careful risk mitigation.
https://ja.ma/4azHwRE
💬 Viewpoint: While restricting ultraprocessed foods from #SNAP may curb chronic disease and generate taxpayer savings, concerns persist about increased stigma, reduced food access, and impacts on poverty alleviation.
https://ja.ma/3MqD26E
The frequency and intensity of heatwaves and the exposure of pregnant individuals to extreme heat are increasing.
💡 Learn more about the associated risks to maternal health and how these risks can be managed in this JAMA Insights. #ClimateChange
https://ja.ma/4kTzeaF
Among adults undergoing cardiac imaging for #CoronaryArteryDisease, radiation dose varied widely and was higher for CCTA in low-income countries. The findings suggest a need for standardized protocols to reduce exposure.
https://ja.ma/4cdJBno
📊 Research Summary: In adults with unexplained recurrent #Pancreatitis and #PancreasDivisum, ERCP with minor papillotomy did not reduce future attacks or long-term complications compared to sham ERCP.
https://ja.ma/4ryU817
💬 Editorial: The SHARP study finds that ERCP with minor papillotomy does not reduce recurrence of acute #pancreatitis in patients with pancreas divisum and idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis compared with sham ERCP.
https://ja.ma/3ZUKJVO
Among patients with unexplained acute recurrent #pancreatitis and pancreas divisum, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with minor papillotomy does not reduce the risk of another episode of acute pancreatitis or related sequelae.
https://ja.ma/4rA5pOO
Three new #GLP-1 drugs for obesity treatment—2 injectables and 1 pill—may receive FDA approval this year.
Here’s how the investigational weight-loss medications performed in trials.
https://ja.ma/4rx98g3
📌 Editor’s Choice from this week's issue of JAMA:
➡️ Review on Restless Legs Syndrome
➡️ FDA's Regulation of #Mifepristone, 2011-2023, and more
https://ja.ma/4aRaATw